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Good news for European women: since the month of May 2009, their unemployment rate, usually systematically higher than men, for the first time fell below theirs. A sudden catch that unfortunately we can not impute to the crisis. The sectors of industry and construction, traditionally male, have been particularly affected by the decline in economic activity, while those within the tertiary sector, more investment by women were generally spared. But this statistic, although seemingly positive for women, also stresses that many sectors are overwhelmingly invested in either one or the other sex.

The report Grésy devoted to professional equality between men and women, has certainly highlighted the "tremendous progress" already observed in the field: women now represent France in 47% of the workforce in 2007, and this 83% are women 25 to 49 years who work. Above all, the mix has risen sharply among the most skilled trades. The social portrait of INSEE reports that young women who leave the education system with a level of training on average than that of boys, have become a large majority among the legal profession (there are now so many lawyers than lawyers), communication, or doctors.Even among the skilled trades to more technical nature, where they remain in low numbers, a trend is emerging: there are now nearly 40% of female engineers or technical managers fresh out of school, as against 9% among older !

A marked polarization in low-skilled occupations

But the picture is not all rosy. And it seems that both ends of the scale of qualifications is the rub. At the top level, the proportion of women remains marginal: 8% of women just sit on boards of directors of the 500 largest French companies, so that a bill is to introduce a quota for women in these bodies. And it's almost the same sound of a bell among the least skilled jobs."The mix has even declined," says Florence Chappert, special assistant to the department skills, work and employment Anact (National Agency for the Improvement of Working Conditions). "Among low-skilled occupations, trades polarization between men and women is sometimes even more pronounced among beginners in the former, confirming Insee.

Overall, if the girls were always reduced appetite for professional studies, they are still more likely to opt for health and social sectors or specialties Secretariat, when it run. For boys, it is instead the power-electronic outweighs their votes.Result: the construction workers are at 98% of men, those in process industries are at 76%, while, unsurprisingly, 98% of secretaries are women, and that 98% of home helps, 75% administrative workers of category C, 99% of childminders … If the cultural environment is of course a factor in explaining this distribution, Florence Chappert said he is not alone: "If we wanted a stronger proportion of men among the home support, this would require review and atypical partial schedules that are so frequent, often at the expense of women, and raise wages, "said she. Just as the introduction of female workers would necessarily lead to a mitigation of the harshness of the trade."However, there is no question of the mix at any price: the men and women can sometimes lose to find exactly the same positions.

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DOCUMENT:

The journal "Gender and Labor Conditions of Anact

Photo credits: Le Figaro

With Twitter, the communication is passed in real time. With Shazam, the iPhone has become a machine to recognize the music. German Aka-Aki opened the madness of mobile location based social networks. These services are transforming our lives for several months have been identified, there are one or two years, the Forum Netexplorateur. Founded in 2008 by Martine and Thierry Bidegain Happe, it seeks to identify innovations that can have a significant impact on the uses digital economy or society. The third edition, including Le Figaro is a partner, meets Thursday and Friday to the Senate in Paris. It is an opportunity to set new standards in the "socio-digital revolution" underway.

The winners of the 2010 edition were selected from more than 440 projects emerging. They are part of a new digital world where the Internet becomes ubiquitous.The URL can not be visited more but found himself. Many objects become key input into an ecosystem where real and not real live. Databases and servers are scattered, software and outsourced services, terminal dematerialized. The interface for mobile augmented reality Sixth Sense allows to browse the Internet with a virtual screen projected by a minicam, dial a phone number in the palm of his hand or view a video on a newspaper article. Accessible from anywhere, this new Internet makes the user knowing. With mobile browser layar augmented reality, any building or environment is an opportunity to unwind "layers of virtual information.Augmented with TAT ID, the user can display a variety of virtual cards and virtual social networking profiles around her face, free to the caller to download this information.

Freeing the user of the computer

This ecosystem is emerging as new human-machine interfaces capable of freeing, ultimately, the user of the computer or its smartphone free business cards . The aircraft of the future will respond to a voice command, gesture or brain. The French HiLabs has already begun to deploy an intelligent window on the windows of merchants Grenoble: responding to displacement of people, she then called by a movie, the way to interact with one giant touch screen (Eyelights).

On the Internet also should be contacted individually to the consumer.Social networks like Facebook and Twitter is why a "hunting ground" ideal marker there conversations on Internet brand and integrate it with an ad campaign that takes account of these opinions (People Powered Ads).

In this new digital world order, and environmental organizations are impacted first. The technology can learn to change and therefore it is the creed of Source Map, which shows the carbon footprint of a product or a food or Mobile Lucas, who turns the mobile phone Minilab analysis medical use and particularly to distinguish true and false cases of malaria.

Similarly, the Better Place project relies heavily on intelligence network, able to indicate to drivers of electric cars recharging station nearest, then manage the transaction load and billing.At work, it calls for transparency on the powers of his future employer to decide to change. What improve individual productivity or collective, as the founder of the website Get a Great Boss. In parallel, microtâches can be relocated and create microjobs for solidarity: the draft Work Give an iPhone application developed by Samasource, which proposes to perform computing tasks mechanical ( "tag" a video detailing card, test application) by refugees from Dadaab camp in Kenya. Initiatives that, once industrialized are likely to reverse the tide.

Henri Proglio and Anne Lauvergeon, who lead respectively EDF and Areva, are called in on Wednesday afternoon at Matignon. The Prime Minister has every intention of putting an end to bitter arguments currently taking place between the two main leaders of the French nuclear industry.

Since late December, the two groups, which have the state as shareholder ultramajoritaire, to blame for the failure of the bidding in Abu Dhabi. And in January, has expanded their quarrel: Areva has just suspended the transportation of spent fuel – from EDF's power – to its reprocessing plant at La Hague. In the entourage of Francois Fillon, it stresses that both companies are forced to work together.The prime minister wants to put an end to these incessant disputes and public.

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The Paris Bourse breath on Monday following a sharp rise in a row Friday to U.S. unemployment figures. The improvement on the labor market in the United States did not establish a huge bullish consensus within the financial community. Factors support abound yet not: the rise of the dollar against major currencies has helped export values to hold their own game in the coast. But the recent outperformance of equity markets suggests that the good news on Friday was already included in prices.

At closing, the Paris Bourse shows a small decline of 0.17% to 3840 points. Even locations in London, which fell 0.22% and Frankfurt back from 0.57% to 5784 points.

More at 18h15.

Accompanied by his Ministers of Economy Christine Lagarde, the revival Patrick Devedjian, Industry Christian Estrosi and Secretary of State for Defense Hubert Falco, Nicolas Sarkozy said the government would "continue to support the economy "but a" strict policy "would be excluded.

During a speech about three quarters of an hour, the head of state said that economic policy led by France during the crisis was "good", but it should continue to vigilant. "When we see that France has the smallest recession, we still must honestly say that economic policy is conducted for something," he said.Point by point, he defended the recovery plan: the bailout of banks' not a euro cost to taxpayers, "the premium breaks that" has benefited 500,000 vehicles or the creation of ombudsman credit allowed to "save 160,000 jobs" …

But Nicolas Sarkozy, "the time is not complacency, while unemployment continues to rise. "This is not because the economic indicators are improving that the crisis is behind us," he said. As such, he called to act soberly, avoiding both over-react "or" under-react. "

Regarding the economic outlook for the current year, Nicolas Sarkozy said that French GDP would decline from 2 to 2.1% in 2009. The forecast growth of government is currently -2.25% and the economy minister, Christine Lagarde, had mentioned last week a decline of 2.2%.

Eliminating the excesses of capitalism

Regarding the appointment of Michel Barnier at the French post of European Commissioner for Internal Market, which will also support financial services, the Head of State said that it would promote a European financial model as opposed to Anglo-Saxon. "The crisis has come adrift of Anglo-Saxon, I want the world to win the European model that has nothing to do with the excesses of financial capitalism," he said. Last Saturday, before the national council of the UMP, he welcomed the appointment of Michel Barnier, calling it a "triumph" of French ideas in regulation.

After the crisis management, management of debt. This is the slogan that could take the major industrialized countries, which are out of recession emerge. In fact, according to the OECD, the 30 most advanced countries will see their debt rise to 100% of their wealth produced in 2010, signaling a near-doubling of their debt in twenty years. Japan's flirt with the 200% of its GDP, followed by those of Italy (127.3%) and Greece (111.8%).

The France is not there … Its debt will reach next year "only" 84% of GDP – a level already history. And since 2013 it has exceeded 90%. UMP Senator Jean-Pierre Fourcade, a member of the Finance Committee of the Senate, said Wednesday that France was now living in "perpetual debt"."The debt spiral is fueled by the fact that not only must pay the debt charges but that revenue for the year does not cover expenses," said Senator of Hauts-de-Seine. The debt burden is estimated for 2010 at 42.5 billion euros. His payment could become the first budget item in 2012.

In a report presented on Wednesday, Jean-Pierre Fourcade said that the evolution of the debt burden is explained not only by the stock of debt increases. but also by the rate of inflation: in 2008, the deviation from the prediction which had been established by the Government had created an additional cost of 2.5 billion, while it had resulted in savings of 2.8 billion in 2009.And finally the interest rate: Agency France Trésor has calculated that an increase of 0.25% rate of the European Central Bank in 2010 compared to what is expected (short-term rates to 1.3% and long-term rates to 3.9%) would increase the debt burden of 600 million euros.

Conference on deficits

The quality of the signing of France – which currently enjoys the maximum rating, AAA by the rating agencies – now enables it to fund the best conditions. "But maintaining its advantage is conditional on fiscal consolidation in the medium term," reaffirms the Senate, which considers "necessary to send signals to that effect to our partners and market actors" from 2011.

This was started to the Head of State, in announcing the holding of a conference on public deficits, and the Prime Minister, setting back to 2014 to below 3% deficit "price adjustments very important."

Beginning 2010, France will send to Brussels – which now requires a more ambitious timetable than François Fillon – its multi-year plan of public finance. "It is a moment when we must take action just brutal," said the entourage of the Minister of Economy Christine Lagarde.

In regard to debt management, the report stresses that the funding program introduced in the draft budget law (the France would borrow 112 billion in 2010) "is obsolete even before being voted, given the absence of evidence on the future national debt. "He took the opportunity to recall that it "would be much less costly if it were agreed on markets rather than individuals and if it was issued at once," before the rise in interest rates. Focusing on "financial contributions from the state," the senators can only note that enterprises are "affected by the crisis."

The report stresses that the market situation "does not consider major privatization deals in 2010. The capital increase of the Post Office should make an exception. "There were no resources allocated to debt reduction in 2009, prospects for 2010 unfortunately does not consider a start in this direction next year," the senators concluded.

The bank employees of Societe Generale were on strike Tuesday. Like their colleagues at HSBC France. In Defense or the Champs-Elysees, hundreds of them gathered to demonstrate. These disgruntled bankers do not resent the loss of their bonus. They are employees of the network who try to bend their leadership in wage negotiations. They also protest against new working arrangements introduced gradually in the agencies. If they are not heard, the mobilization of Tuesday could be repeated throughout the winter, prevent unions.

Lean months

The branch negotiations have so far failed. The French Banking Association (AFB, which concerns only part of the sector) proposing an increase of 1.5% of the conventional minimum, when the unions called for a general revaluation."These last months have been very difficult for employees, now that banks are profitable again, they must reward their employees," all argue their union representatives. A discourse that often encounters Department still concentrated on management costs during periods of low growth. For now, only BNP Paribas was able to complete an agreement with its unions. Elsewhere negotiations are ongoing.

They have taken a particularly difficult at Societe Generale, affected, in addition to the financial crisis, by a succession of setbacks: Kerviel affair, the uproar caused by stock options for executives … Wednesday, 8.5% of employees by management , 30% for CGT representative, went on strike. They call about 2% increase against the 0.7% proposed by management, embellished a stake of EUR 600.Frederick Oudéa, the new CEO of Societe Generale, is expected to manage this conflict, rare for a bank to the social body traditionally welded with its direction. Employees of HSBC France were also called the strike on Tuesday. "At least 600 people marched on the Champs-Elysees, notes Gerard Huger, the delegate CFTC. Management does not hear us, we will write to the headquarters in London, and organize new day of mobilizations in France. "Management has identified for its 6% share of strikers in Paris and 12.8% in the provinces.

In LCL, Crédit Agricole group, the unions expect one-day strike in January. Until then, they organize events December 2 at the last negotiating session with management. Side BPCE (Caisses d'Epargne and Banques Populaires), negotiations begin.

While Free is soon to land on the mobile phone market, operators are in battle. SFR puts together all the stops to improve coverage of its 3G mobile network.

Behind the obligations contained in its license, the operator covers only 80% of the population, instead of the 98% required. Rival Orange is also delayed but to a lesser extent, since it covers 85% of the population. Bouygues Telecom, which started later, he is ahead: it already covers 79% of the population for a requirement of 75% in late 2010.

This topic will be up for discussion with the regulator (Arcep) in December. Orange and SFR, which could theoretically fine, should actually commit to a new schedule of obligations.

SFR, which has invested 1.4 billion euros in its network in 2009, promises to invest at least as much this year.A reminder that the business of mobile operator needs to have deep pockets. Meanwhile, he announced Tuesday the sale of a new cabinet, "SFR 3G Home," sold 299 euros. Clean the box Web client, this case is actually a mini-antenna technology ( "femtocell"), is improving coverage at home.

"Tool of comfort"

"It is a tool of convenience for our customers. This provides a good mobile coverage in the back room, for example where the mobile goes wrong, where in his second home, "says Jean-Marc Tassetto, general manager marketing and public SFR. 82% of subscribers who do not pick up well at home, would be interested in this type of product, according to the operator. Another initiative SFR announced Tuesday the launch of an offer Internet access via satellite (from 34,90 euro per month dish included).It is for 500 000 homes, located mostly in rural areas, still lack access to ADSL. SFR for the occasion partnered with satellite operator Eutelsat. Such an offer has already been launched in early 2009 by Orange.

Along with improved network coverage, the operator must also cope with the sharp increase in traffic. Indeed, with unlimited internet boom on phones, consumers are now e-mail, surfing, downloading video, music streaming. All activities demanding network capacity, leading all operators to invest to avoid saturation.