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Why not commit either insurance-in logic to encourage banks to provide easier credit for small amounts to small businesses? The role of banks is to finance the real economy, SMEs should not be suffocated by a restriction or a costly credit.

Should there be a bank for SMEs involving the ISP, OSEO under the auspices of the Deposit?

The subject is to better inform business leaders on existing mechanisms and, for that, the best way is to centralize information in one place, easily accessible, the management could be entrusted either to OSEO, either the Deposit guaranteed payday loan.

What ideas will you be strong in the context of presidential elections?

There is no question for the CGPME to give voting instructions.

Financial markets have returned to levels before Europe Agreement. After the Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou announced a referendum by the Greek end of the year, the Cac 40 lost more than 9% over the last three sessions to fall below the 3100 points. Heads does one to a fourth consecutive session of decline? Not so sure if we are to believe some positive signs tangible and despite a sharp decline in the Tokyo Stock Exchange over 2% to 8640.42 points, China's financial markets have now returned and grew slightly.

Moreover, after falling more than 3% over the last two sessions, the euro started from the front, going above the $ 1.37 mark at 1 paydayloans.3735 dollars (0.53 %).

Thus, the CAC 40 futures contract maturing in November rose 1.7% to 3120 points."The hopes are placed in a sign of further easing to come, to ensure that the U.S. economic recovery do not bow," said Jonathan Sudaria operator for Capital Spreads.

France and Germany asking for explanations in Athens

On Wednesday evening, the markets will be attentive to the scheduled meeting between Nicolas Sarkozy, Angela Merkel, George Papandreou and the IMF. A meeting which follows the approval last night by the Greek government for the holding by the end of a referendum on the European Agreement last Thursday.

On the sidelines of the strike of hostesses and stewards of Air France since Saturday, the Air France-KLM is struggling along on its activity and its development policy. In this context, the current social movement that will last until Wednesday could further strain the finances of the parent: in 2007, again at All Saints, a strike had caused major disruption and cost him no less 60 million euros.

Now the group through a period of turbulence. Consequence of the current economic gloom, it may well issue a warning on its results in the publication of its accounts for the period April to September under November 9, said BFM Business on Tuesday. Now he hoped to bounce back after suffering a net loss of 197 million euros over the period April to June 2011.In the wake of a meeting with management, a union then estimated at Figaro that "if growth was not at the meeting, a plan for removal on 5000 to 10,000 jobs would be to fear cash advance now."

Undermined by these uncertainties and the lack of clear prospects, Pierre-Henri Gourgeon was forced to resign last week. The directors then indicated that "he was committed to stop the evolution towards a concrete structure group Air France-KLM, to focus on recovery required the two companies." Again in control group, Jean-Cyril Spinetta immediately set the tone by giving the task to Alexander Juniac new CEO of the group, "to respond to the emergence of new competitors, particularly low cost."

Still, this strategy could exacerbate climate distrust between labor and management.

The first pieces seem certainly find their place. But the puzzle is far from complete. The Europeans have agreed on strengthening the capital of their banks, with a budget of up to 100 billion euros. Nicolas Sarkozy was also close to Angela Merkel on the future arsenal EFSF, after a frank discussion in Frankfurt. But there is so much more to do before finding a complete agreement, most detailed and validated by the whole euro area. That is why the French President and German Chancellor confirmed on Thursday night, the sounds that had run all day: a second summit of Heads of State and Government held "no later than Wednesday," after that of Sunday. In addition, Sarkozy and Merkel will meet on Saturday night in Brussels to prepare its crucial deadlines.This new adjustment schedule confirms that markets foresee that this time, European leaders are no longer allowed to make mistakes. The first tangible plans must begin to blur out that night, after a first closed session of the seventeen ministers of finance of the euro.

Recapitalization of banks

In the preamble, the bloc cleared the table of a bulky dossier. They agreed on the recapitalization of banks weakened by the crisis, two months after the IMF has sounded the alarm. The bill, estimated at between 85 and 100 billion euros, less burdensome previously announced. It should allow banks to increase to 9% of their capital ratio "hard" a recognized strength. To achieve this, banks will first use their private shareholders, and if necessary of public funds. The EFSF intervene as a last and final resort.Uncertainty remains about the date of implementation, 2012 or 2013.

On Thursday, Paris and Berlin have also tried to dispel the misunderstanding about the previous meeting on Wednesday between the President and the Chancellor. The stakes: the future modalities of action of EFSF and the famous "leverage" critical piece of the arsenal to stop the European debt crisis and prevent contagion.

The German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble ensures that the two capitals are in fact "in total agreement." But he hastens to add that there is still no agreement at European level. French side, it was confirmed by noting that if there is a discrepancy, it is rather with Spain and especially Italy.In Brussels, witnesses of the appointment of Frankfurt continues to describe "a cold atmosphere" between Nicolas Sarkozy and Angela Merkel, barely warmed by the announcement of the birth of the president's daughter.

To further complicate the picture, the Greek press spoke of a setback yesterday on what promised to be the easiest section of the summit: the release and payment of EUR 8 billion international loan in Athens. The European Union grows. But the IMF question the ability of Greece to address its long-term debt without the involvement of Europeans more convincing.

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An order in 2004 and a law in 2008: Both were necessary to bring the PPP (public private partnership) to be baptized in France. But since the formula was an unexpected success.

According to experts gathered at the end of last week on the occasion of international meetings of PPP, 104 such contracts have been signed. The European Investment Bank has calculated that it accounted for 9 to 10 billion euros, or 6 or 7% of public procurement in the Hexagon. "We are the first European country in terms of PPP, said François Bergère, Head of MAPP (Mission Support PPP). In the first half, 60% of registered contracts on the Old Continent were signed in France. "

Click on the thumbnail to enlarge the graphic.

Why the rise? Because this arrangement allows the state and local governments increasingly impecunious to build infrastructure by private funds. Specifically, the construction company built largely at the expense of the equipment. In return, she receives a very long time (decades) the rent paid by the public to maintain the structure.Today, we build on this model just about anything you can imagine: prisons, stadiums, swimming pools as well as police stations, TGV lines … and the formula adjusts as well to huge contracts ( more than 7 billion for high-speed rail line Tours-Bordeaux) than smaller deals (ten million for public lighting of a city average).

In the euphoria of the beginning, we mostly retained the advantages of this approach: greater compliance costs and delays faxless cash advance. "In the PPP, 71% of projects are delivered on time and 80% are made in the envelope provided or an additional cost of less than 3%," says Christian Rasoamanana, consultant for the consulting firm PWC has just loop a study on the subject."This allows us to carry out four projects simultaneously (the TGV line between Tours and Bordeaux, that between Le Mans and Rennes, Nîmes-Montpellier bypass GSM and rail), said Jean-Marc Delion, Managing Director of RFF. Without PPP, we would have done that. "

The failure of the hospital south-Ile

But today, this model also raises critical. Thus, the hospital built in south-Ile PPP Eiffage is a failure. The planned opening in May 2011 will take place as early as January 2012. "I believe that there was injury to the State, noted Sunday on Canal +, Xavier Bertrand, Minister of Health. Do we remain in the same terms of the contract? We'll see. "Regarding the TGV lines, some argue that the partnership is too favorable to the public."On Tours-Bordeaux, the dealership made up of Vinci and its partners brought the third of the investment but receive 100% of the revenue generated by the passage of trains," protested Marc Fressoz, author of FGV, failure at high speed.

Others point out that the formula has its limitations. "The PPP will not return TGV lines as Bordeaux-Toulouse without sufficient traffic," said Hervé Mariton, UMP deputy, member of the Finance Committee.

Reassurance. Forty-eight hours after the announcement of an orderly dismantling of Dexia, the watchword is always the same. Reassure savers first. This is one for this purpose that the Belgian and French immediately announced they were giving their guarantee loans that the bank will carry on the markets. In Belgium, where Dexia has set up shop through its retail bank, investors have withdrawn, Tuesday, 300 million euros in their accounts, according to local media. Movement still moderate – Dexia is sitting on 88 billion of deposits – but pushing the government to act. The Prime Minister, Yves Leterme, a planned Wednesday nationalization of Belgian bank Dexia activities.

Fitch Monitoring

Then reassure markets about the solvency of the future together. This is the second role of the Belgian and French guarantees granted to the bank.They will enable Dexia, reduced its operating subsidiaries, to refinance its huge bond portfolio until no commitments. Fitch Ratings has nevertheless expressed its skepticism by placing Wednesday under review with negative implications for sustainability of the note Dexia.

Finally, reassure local communities payday loans. They expressed concern, saying that in France they would lack 1-2000000000 funding by the end of the year. However, the pattern of the new local bank – fiercely negotiated by Philippe Wahl (La Banque Postale), Pierre Mariani (Dexia), Jean-Dominique Comolli (EPA) and Antoine Gosset-Grainville (CDC) – "guarantees them instead continuity in their funding, "says one expert."We are working on a solid solution, structured," assured yesterday the Minister of Economy, Baroin.

The structure of this new bank is complex. A first entity, which will provide loans to communities, will be majority-owned by La Banque Postale. Behind, another entity, refinancing this time will be majority-owned by Caisse des Depots. It is this which will take Dexma (Dexia Municipal Agency) and its loan portfolio of over 70 billion. In negotiation, it was expected that guarantee Dexia loans risky. And as a guarantee of Dexia is not worth much today is the state-guarantee against these assets. Post convened last night a special board to validate this scheme, which should be presented in the coming days.

This is the new fad on the web. Vestiairedecopines.com is the top site that enables passionate fashion to sell part of their wardrobe to help buy other items. This site, created two years ago, has already brought together a community of 600,000 members connected in a vast social network.

Today, advised by Clipperton Finance, the site raises 7.5 million euros to the U.S. investment fund and its shareholders Balderton Ventech history. This capital value to the site between 20 and 25 million euros. On that occasion, Bernard Liautaud, a partner at Balderton Capital and former founder and CEO of Business Objects, will join the board of vestiairedecopines.com to advise the company in its international expansion.

"Vestiairedecopines.com experiencing very strong growth driven by the community.On the site, we selected 45,000 articles fashion products, clothes, shoes, shoes, accessories are discussed live by the community before being purchased. When we receive the product, we inspect its condition before shipping to the buyer. Nearly 200,000 items were circulated in 2011, representing between 350 and 400 orders per day package. Our business volume in 2010 represented 3.3 million and we expect to increase this volume by 4 in 2011 to 12 million and it should still be multiplied by 3 in 2012, "explains Sébastien Fabre, co-founder of the site and CEO.

If the site is also available in French, the community, it is already international in 17%.Mainly British and Germans who come to the French fashion articles and advice from members.

Britain and Germany

Vestiairedecopines.com is going to quickly open a site in English and in German by the end of the year, while centralizing the packages still in France. In the longer term, the site will address the United States by implanting a logistics service. But before considering expansion abroad, it will have to change its name, is certainly very vestiairedecopines.com French, it is unpronounceable in English!

The battle of mergers is relaunched in the mid-markets. The London Metal Exchange (LME), the first metal market in the world, 134 years old, is about to be redeemed. According to a source familiar with the matter, the buyers would be the Singapore Exchange (SGX) associated with the London Stock Exchange (LSE). Both players could make an offer to one billion pounds (1.15 billion euros).

The negotiations around the LME were made official last week by its owners, trading houses and banks market users. They admitted that it was highly coveted. Without the name, the CEO of the LME, Martin Abbott, said yesterday that a dozen candidates had appeared.Analysts believe that among them are the American Stock Exchange or ICE that of Hong Kong.

Operation diversification

If the LSE and SGX are able to stand, the operation will allow them to diversify into the sector buoyant metals brokerage. The London Stock Exchange represents 80% of volumes on world markets of the future of metals and recorded a record 120 million packages last year, 2 payday loans.8 billion tonnes of metal. In value terms, this represents 11,600 billion (about 8.56784 trillion euros).

This acquisition will also provide them the opportunity to recover from failures of failed attempts to merge internationally very competitive market of securities and derivatives.To recap, the LSE had to abandon its bid on the Toronto Stock Exchange on behalf of a syndicate of Canadian banks, while the takeover of SGX on the Sydney Stock Exchange (ASX) was rejected by the Australian Government five months ago.

Any bid will nevertheless be accepted by 75% of its shareholders, which include Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan and trading companies.

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A new week high voltage for Greece and the euro area. In fact, Sunday, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) said that a delegation will travel to Athens this week to determine whether or not the country can benefit from the sixth round of eight billion euros of the loan in May 2010 , aid became vital for the country. The CEO of the institution, Christine Lagarde, has indeed met the Greek Finance Minister Evangelos Venizelos on Sunday to discuss the conditions for the return of the IMF in the country to complete the fifth audit of the Greek economic program. The mission "will certainly place this week," said Fund.

In parallel, Evangelos Venizelos, the Greek finance minister, yesterday met with Jean-Claude Trichet, head of the ECB, to negotiate a restructuring of the Greek debt at a discount of between 40% and 50%.The minister said that "there is no alternative to restructuring." The latter has also expressed confidence the outcome of the vote in parliament of the new austerity plan, condition of the granting of new loans of the troika, because according to him "which member will take responsibility to lead Greece to failure to pay? ". A view shared by the French Minister for European Affairs, Jean Leonetti, who said Sunday that "Greece will avoid bankruptcy because it is the interest of the Greek state, the Greek people and is the interest of us all.If Greece were to fail tomorrow, it would cost more than if it did not go bankrupt, "he said on Radio France International.

The rising social discontent in Greece

The Heads of State and Government in July found an agreement to rescue Greece and broaden the scope of intervention of the relief fund of the zone (EFSF), including providing it with an instrument enabling it to market purchases of debt of states in difficulty. This agreement is being ratified by 17 national parliaments in the area. The vote of Germany, the country is the biggest contributor to EU aid plans appear on track.In a television interview Sunday night, German Chancellor Angela Merkel has indeed shown the outcome of the confidence vote scheduled Thursday in the Bundestag.

But Greece will probably have to wait beyond the holding of a Eurogroup meeting on Oct. 3 before a decision on the release of the next tranche of aid. "Given the delay by the Troika mission (IMF, ECB and European Commission), I do not think that the next meeting of the Eurogroup, October 3, a decision on the sixth installment," said Sunday Washington Deputy German Finance Minister, Jörg Asmussen

In addition, the rising social discontent in Greece.Further strikes are planned next week before a general strike on October 19.

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The smart electricity meter – or communicating – also known as counter Linky, will be extended to all of France. The decision will be made official Wednesday by the Minister of Industry, Eric Besson, attended by all stakeholders in this important industry. So far, this counter had been the subject of a test phase, in Lyon and Touraine.

This counter communicator, which allows to know its power consumption in real time and thus better control, will be installed progressively from late 2013-early 2014. A five-year period is planned to equip 35 million consumers, knowing that the European directive assigns a target that 80% of users are in possession of this tool in 2020. "This counter is a future asset for the modernization of the electricity distribution network.It will particularly help to end the current system of estimated bills, sources of discussions, said one industry player. In addition, the meter installation will require the creation of over 10,000 jobs. "

Throughout the past few weeks, a severe battle was between ERDF – a subsidiary of EDF in charge of distribution – and local authorities about the property counters Linky. Upon arrival, the government has not decided to change the current law, which states that the networks, which include counters, belong to communities. In support of its reflection, the government relied on the report of "Committee Linky" on the generalization of communicating electricity meters in France.The report, led by parliamentarians Ladislas Poniatowski and Jean-Claude Lenoir, was sent Sept. 21 to Eric Besson.

According to the overall pattern was retained, ERDF will be responsible for ordering and installation of new meters. These will be installed free of charge, the government decided that not considering either a tax increase for network use, one of the elements of the bill paid by customers.

A cost of 4.3 billion euros

In charge ERDF therefore, which plans to spend 4.3 billion euros to the generalization of the program Linky, to compensate the investment by the productivity gains achieved through this tool. For example, the new meter will perform many interventions that will distance the presence of agents of ERDF to the customer will no longer be necessary."But whatever the gains, a system of passing on costs is possible sooner or later," suggests an industry expert.

As for local, they indicated that the expected effectiveness of the new meter is fully proven. In other words it is shown that consumers can realize significant energy savings. Widespread Linky is a crucial element of energy efficiency policy of the government at a time when energy prices rise.

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