Moreover, after falling more than 3% over the last two sessions, the euro started from the front, going above the $ 1.37 mark at 1 paydayloans.3735 dollars (0.53 %).

Thus, the CAC 40 futures contract maturing in November rose 1.7% to 3120 points."The hopes are placed in a sign of further easing to come, to ensure that the U.S. economic recovery do not bow," said Jonathan Sudaria operator for Capital Spreads.

France and Germany asking for explanations in Athens

On Wednesday evening, the markets will be attentive to the scheduled meeting between Nicolas Sarkozy, Angela Merkel, George Papandreou and the IMF. A meeting which follows the approval last night by the Greek government for the holding by the end of a referendum on the European Agreement last Thursday.

"Considering the financial resources currently limited to Saab Automobile, a voluntary reorganization will help to use the most efficient way the existing resources," the company said.It must be said that its financial situation is critical for several months. The manufacturer, which employs 3,700 people, announced in June that it would stop paying the salaries of its employees. Part of these wages was settled late, since, while, as of August have not been paid. In late July, the Saab postpone indefinitely the resumption of production at its only factory in Trollhattan, Sweden, interrupted once again from June 8 Suppliers, remained unpaid, stopped shipments from April free 3-in-1 credit report. Some had to degrease their workforce.

Breathless

In this grim context, Swedish Auto has continued to widen its losses. In late August, the owner of Saab announced a significant loss of 201.5 million euros in the first half of 2011, against 21.9 million euros during the same period in 2010. The losses have been increased tenfold.The group, however, made efforts in all directions to ensure its survival. Saab had been saved from bankruptcy in early 2010, when, breathless, it was bought by the Dutch Spyker (now Swedish Automobile) to U.S. giant General Motors. Over the last six months, Saab has signed contracts with Chinese distributors and Pang Da Youngman and negotiated a contract to sell its real estate leased for cash.

These efforts have been inadequate and the rest of the employees of the manufacturer of short duration. Now, IF Metall, the main trade union of Saab, said that the decision of Swedish Automobile "might be a good solution."She hopes a quick decision of the Court of Vänersborg on the demand for Swedish Auto, so that its "members can quickly receive a reply regarding the payment of their salaries."

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Since then, the rules of publishing have changed, and the term "literary negro" is no longer valid. They are now called "collaborators." Publishers have become accustomed to mention their name on the back cover, or under the general title inside.These writers specialize particularly in the autobiographical genre, and work with documents.

It is thanks to Bernard Fixot, CEO of XO Editions, this revolution in publishing could take place. Having learned that Paul-Loup Sulitzer used a "collaborator" to write his books, Bernard Fixot decided to give the name of it in the book. Thus the name of Loup Durand appeared on the cover alongside that of Sulitzer. And this revelation has not stopped the pair to continue to get a few best-sellers.

Between 5000 and 15,000 euros for a beginner

Having discovered that the publication of the name of the employee has no impact on sales, publishers have almost all agreed the new rules of the game now, the work of an employee is defined by a contract signed with the publisher.Particular, it sets the fees paid, regulated working hours and the number of pages written. According to several sources of publishing, a "collaborator" beginner, these fees vary between 5,000 and 15,000 euros as a package. As for the more experienced writers, they would receive a percentage of sales in addition to the fixed sum. Copyright between 8% and 15% per book sold, 30% to 50% they would, depending on the reputation of the main character in the book.

However, the compensation varies depending on the work done. Sometimes, the employee simply corrects the style and reread the manuscript, written by the "star" before publication. In other cases, it is he who is in charge of investigative work and writing the book on behalf of the main character."To be negro must be graphomaniac, do not be afraid to write a lot, at the risk of not being published," said Mohammed Aissaoui, literary journalist of Le Figaro. For before the publication, "star" and the employee and make the replay together. And many passages can be deleted or modified.

The meeting between the "star" and the employee does not last more than thirty hours in all. The character confesses, the employee takes notes and tries to adapt his writing style in his own way to speak and to give thought. "The power is on or not. It's like love at first sight to have. An exercise that is to be the mirror of the other, "says Catherine Siguret a" collaborator "who has written books for Claudia Schiffer, Gérard Louvin, or Julien Courbet. For her, the work of the employee, the opposite of a journalistic investigation.Do not be objective, but try to be superimposed on the main character in the novel.

Is there still "negritude" in publishing?

A novelist too productive? It is likely that the books published under his name are written by real "Negroes." While many secrets of this profession were revealed recently, is still far from knowing everything. Because the old practices still existed today. According to Armelle Brusq, director of the documentary "The Negro, writing quietly," about a third editions in France would be made of books' authorship is unclear. " Estimates, which can neither be confirmed nor denied, as no writer, the reader will say that it commits a negro to write books instead. Anne-Sophie Demonchy, journalist Magazine books, conducted several investigations of the writers of the shadows in France."For a publisher, the author must be friendly, and have a great story to tell. Tell the reader that the book was written by a "negro" is not in the interests of the publishing house, "she says.

Industry experts recognize: Some books are a real marketing strategy of publishers. They might even be the result of work of an entire team. The author has an idea. This idea is developed by employees in the synopsis of the publisher. And then this pattern is sent to a ghostwriter for writing. "In general, it does not mention the names of the authors, this subject is taboo," says Anne-Sophie Demonchy. "Amazing, because the movies, or music, the product is the work of a team and it does not shock the consumer."

These writers of the shadows, whose name is not mentioned, are bound by a contract with the publishing house, which prevents them from talking about the project, on which they work. According to the National Union of publishing, in 2010, the turnover of the sector accounted for 2.8 billion euros with around 452 million books sold. One can imagine how much the business of writing anonymous organization.

A phenomenon which diversifies

Use a negro to write a book is one thing. Use a "negro" to write a dissertation study is another. The Internet can now find people offering such services.An article of a "ghostwriter of factors" American, recently published in The Chronicle of Higher Education, the journal of higher education, reveals failures in the field of education across the Atlantic, allowing university students to cheat. Employed by a company that specializes in rewriting, the author, known as Ed Dante, addresses, exasperated, directly to teachers: "I'm tired of you help your students have qualified air." Among the "clients", it separates three categories of students: those whose English is not their first language, those who are very bad writing, and those that are "rich and lazy." Working since 2004, the author claims to earn about $ 66,000 per year.

The opening is dominated by pessimism as consumer spending of U.S. households fell against all odds by 0.2% in June, posting their first decline since September 2009. Economists surveyed on average expected a rise in expenditure of 0.2%.

The expected green light from Senate Tuesday evening

Concerning the agreement on raising the debt ceiling, the doubts persist. "Some have pointed to the fact that the rating agency S & P claimed four trillion dollars in deficit reduction over 10 years against only 2.5 trillion currently being negotiated by members, analysts said Aurel BGC.Maintaining the "AAA" is far from being elected … Many skeptics have left open the possibility of adoption of this agreement by the Congress. "An expected adoption tonight. The Senate must decide, in fact, after the House of Representatives that preceded it from that Monday night.

"I think the show we attended in Washington, a significant number of parliamentarians of this country leaving the threat of a default, really made a lot of damage to the confidence" of investors in the economy American, for his part, said U.S. Treasury Secretary, Timothy Geithnern, on ABC.

Oil side, the opening of the Nymex, oil prices melt, due to poor statistqies the day, who fear a future decline in demand.To 15 hours, a barrel of "light sweet crude" for September delivery was trading at 94.36 dollars, down 53 cents.

Results of companies to follow the corporate side, several major publications are planned this week, starting on Tuesday by Pfizer (-1.05% to 18.81 dollars). The group released better than expected earnings for the second quarter, the jump in sales of animal health products offsetting lower sales of drugs, the heart of the business group.

Google (stable at 606.71 dollars) this weekend began testing a new service, "Google Hotel Finder", dedicated to finding hotels. Positioned competitor specialized sites like Hotels.com "Hotel Finder Google" is used to search the dates of their choice, depending on the number of stars of the institution and the average scores given by customers.

Hewlett-Packard (-0.48% to 35.03 dollars) has decided to drop now $ 50 U.S. price of its new tablet, the TouchPad. This rate adjustment, presented as a promotion valid until September 10, is valid until September 10.He places the version of the tablet features a 16GB storage to 449.99 dollars, and the 32 GB to 549 dollars, just one month after the beginning of the commercialization of TouchPad.

Coach (-4.72% to 62.31 dollars), a leading U.S. brands of accessories, recorded a jump of 24% of its annual net profit in 2010-2011 (year ended July 2) at 881 million dollars, and expected to grow over 10% in the future, according to a statement released Tuesday.

Hyatt Hotels (1.96% to 39.52 euros) announced earnings for the second quarter better than expected, while saying he intended to open a number of "significant" new hotels in the future.

GM (-0.79% to 27.87 dollars) for his contact in the afternoon the numbers of sales in July.

Raids by giants of video games on small publishers are ongoing.After the announcement of a Memorandum of surrender by PopCap Games Electronic Arts (0.32% to 22.02 dollars) and the acquisition by Zynga a mobile games publisher in Canada, is the Japanese Sony which went on the offensive by offering Sucker Punch. The American development studio publishes games for consoles, the PlayStation family, including "Sly Cooper" (PS) and "inFamous' (PS3). The amount of the transaction were not disclosed.

Amerigroup (7.47% to 51.65 dollars) is expected to jump at the opening, the title win over 5% in electronic trading before the opening of Wall Street. The group of health care services announced yesterday it has won a contract to develop its business in Texas.

Apple has just completed a record quarter with increases of 125% in profit and 82% of its revenues.With a market capitalization of $ 362 billion, the group "at the apple" appears as the second wealthiest company in the world stock market behind Exxon Mobil and its 395 billion market capitalization.

While Republicans and Democrats are torn in several weeks on the issue of debt, U.S. companies their bets. "One reason why companies put so much money aside is that they want to shelter financially cope with financial uncertainties in the U.S.," said Laurie Simon Hodrick, professor at Columbia University . He added: "As long as the threat of default by the U.S. government continues, U.S. companies will have to pay any interest that way." The war chest of U.S. companies is estimated at 1.2 trillion dollars.

"Hearing in progress"

For the leaders of the audiovisual group, this performance is primarily advertising-related "to an audience up – 10.5% against 10.4% audience share a year ago." Similarly, the other group's advertising revenues rose 10.5% to 76.6 million euros.

However, the group as a whole must grant a 3% decline in its total turnover to 719.7 million euros, mainly due to poor performance of Girondins de Bordeaux – 40% drop in revenue – but also Income diversification and audiovisual rights, down 10%. This fall would be "100% due to the lack of video output of the Twilight", a new album which is scheduled for November. Finally, distance sales have also suffered, the market became more competitive with impacted by the economic crisis.Consumers would then become much more selective in their purchases on the Internet.

Yet the group's operating income rose 10.9% to 146.9 million euros. Similarly, net income was up 8.4% to 91.5 million euros. The M6 ​​can boast a net margin, almost unique in Europe, 12.7%.

Hiring remained stalled for the second straight month the U.S. in June, with only 18,000 net new jobs and the unemployment rate rose to 9.2% of the workforce.

Alcoa opens the ball in quarterly results

The trend, however, should be fragile before the beginning of the season half-year results. As usual it is Alcoa (-2.32% to $ 16) which will open the show of quarterly, as soon after the close of Wall Street Monday.JPMorgan Chase will be the first major U.S. banks to issue, with results expected Thursday, the same day as Google, which will set the tone for the technology. Investors will know very quickly if the U.S. financial sector has suffered from the decline in trading activities. These results also give a taste of the figures will be announced later by European banks.

According to Thomson Reuters data, the results of listed companies on the S & P 500 should show an average increase of 7.3% compared to second quarter 2010. But this increase could be higher if a majority of companies beat the consensus.

The euro dropped to $ 1.40

On the foreign exchange market, the euro was digging its losses against the greenback on Monday.Mid-afternoon in Paris, the single European currency was worth 1.4050 dollars against 1.4258 dollars on Friday night, falling to levels seen for two weeks.

On the macroeconomic front, the United States, negotiations between Democrats and Republicans over raising the debt ceiling is again blocked, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, Republican John Boehner, who announced that he would not find a comprehensive agreement with the White House.

In the process, the U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner gave assurances that the U.S. would not default on their financial commitments, while Barack Obama announced he would hold a press conference Monday at the White House bad credit pay day loans.

In Europe, the eyes of investors looked to a meeting of key economic officials of the European Union in Brussels on Monday morning to "coordinate their positions" on the second aid package to Greece. It will bring together the presidents of the European Council Herman Van Rompuy, the Eurogroup Jean-Claude Juncker, European Central Bank (ECB) Jean-Claude Trichet, the European Commission José Manuel Barroso and European Commissioner for Economic Affairs Olli Rehn.

Airbus hopes to double Boieng on an order from American Airlines

The side of values, Airbus hopes to win against Boeing (-1% to 74.32 dollars) a major order from American Airlines by offering $ 6 billion (4.24 billion euros) of preferential financing, reported on Monday The Wall Street Journal.

Always on the side of values, Sanofi (2.49% to 80.35 dollars) today announced positive results in a phase III study for Lemtrada, a drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis developed by Genzyme's new subsidiary. Sanofi put his hand in April on U.S. biotech Genzyme for more than 20 billion. In addition, Sanofi said on Monday the sale of its Canadian dermatology Dermik to Valeant for $ 425 million (300 million) in cash, in order to focus on priority activities in the United States and Canada.

In the same area, the Swiss company Lonza, specializing in life sciences, announced Monday the acquisition of the U.S. Arch Chemicals (11.24% to 46.91 dollars), a company active in biocides.The cash offer to 47.20 dollars per share values ​​the company at $ 1.4 billion, which represents a premium of 36.7% over the share price on the last thirty days.

In addition, the U.S. aerospace equipment Precision Castparts Corporation (0.79% to 164.07 dollars) will strengthen the sector by buying aero Primus International Society for $ 900 million in cash.

Also note, the Financial Times, the fund Blackstone (-3.12% to 16.48 dollars) sold its shares in the Chinese Dili Group, while the group would not be able to freely adjust its prices .

So, President, Barack Obama, himself, was invited to the debate and tried to restore calm between Republicans and Democrats. Not a chance. Elected officials have sharply criticized Republicans last night how Obama handles this issue."Maybe he (Obama) was taking Valium, it would calm him a bit and he finally decided to come talk to us," even launched Republican Senator Pat Roberts at a press conference. Barack Obama reiterated Wednesday that he intended to end the tax benefits granted by more affluent George Bush. The U.S. president does not want to hear about budget cuts on social programs or on investments in education, research and infrastructure. It is precisely these points that crystallize tensions.

The situation would become so heavy that the Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner United States would consider resigning soon, according to Bloomberg financial news agency. An official from the Treasury departm said Timothy Geithner has not reached a conclusion in this regard.For the time being.

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Peugeot will launch the hybrid 3008 in October 2011 at a price of 35,000 euros. This is the first crossover hybrid in the world using diesel. Thus, it emits less CO2 and lowers consumption of 35% compared to vehicle performance and similar performance.By nature, the mechanical solution of Peugeot inspired many of the Lexus with an internal combustion engine driving the front wheels and an auxiliary electric motor provided with its environment, Bosch (50 kg) and acting this time on rear wheels. Sanyo battery pack Ni-MH High Voltage (50 kg) is placed below the trunk decreased from 435 to 362 dm3.

Drought crisis in the cucumber and G20: Invited Talk Orange-Le Figaro, the Minister of Agriculture Bruno Le Maire is back in detail on Monday on these three topics that dominate the front of the news. Positive for some 200,000 French farmers victims of water scarcity, France should be able to release national aid beyond the maximum normally allowed by the European Union (EU). "I moved (Monday, Ed) in Brussels to discuss the matter with Ciolos (Agriculture Commissioner, Ed). No one will be forgotten. I think we have opportunities for national support that will exceed what is permitted by the EU to ordinary, "said Bruno Le Maire.However, the European Commission does not yet directly aid from the EU budget.

Bruno Le Maire especially wanted to ensure that national aid were "euro-compatible", that is to say, "consistent with European law." He remembers the painful episode in August 2009, just months after his arrival Rue de Varenne: Brussels had demanded repayment of State aid paid by its predecessors to fruit and vegetables because the Commission had deemed illegal with respect to Community rules.

"Compensation to the nearest euro"

Another hot topic of the moment: the crisis of confidence among European consumers against cucumbers, lettuce and tomato, consequent upon the outbreak of the deadly bacterium E. coli. While the season is at its peak, this resulted in considerable losses for European gardeners.Especially for the Spaniards, whose whole fruits and vegetables have not been sold for export, more than 200 million in total losses cash advance loan. French producers have not been spared. "There must be a compensation to the nearest euro losses suffered by vegetable growers in France not only for producer organizations but also small producers," insists Bruno Le Maire. A first encryption performed by vegetables in France last Friday, evaluates losses just for cucumbers and tomatoes to 4.8 million. "Our services will address these estimates, in order to unblock the aid faster," said Bruno Le Maire.

The latter will participate on Tuesday with his counterparts in Europe affected by this disaster to an extraordinary meeting in Luxembourg on the issue.It could lead to "an agreement in principle to action," said Bruno Le Maire for the future that "we must draw the consequences of serious device malfunction safety revealed by this crisis." Finally, the G20 on agriculture to be held in Paris in a fortnight, Bruno Le Maire, who completes her world tour in London this afternoon, is optimistic about the possibility of reaching an agreement. "After a year of negotiations, I think it is not far from a consensus. Agriculture is a strategic issue for the world, "said Bruno Le Maire. All subjects that did not give her time to reflect on the estate of Christine Lagarde. "I do not think about the issue, merely there to answer his name when talking to Bercy.