Shortly before 4 am, France, Germany and the euro zone countries are agreed after intense negotiations with creditor banks on a 50% discount on debt securities Greek removing the last obstacle to a comprehensive plan of response to the debt crisis. The contribution of the private sector, coupled with an effort of the States of the euro area of ​​130 billion euros, will bring the Greek debt of over 160% of GDP today to 120% in 2020, said Nicolas Sarkozy.The French president also said that the means of relief funds in the euro area (EFSF) would be "multiplied" in order to reach "1.4 trillion dollars," or "1000 billion euros." For Nicolas Sarkozy, "the summit has to adopt elements of a comprehensive response, an ambitious response, a credible response to the crisis in the euro area". Even if the plan is still very fragile if the economy of Greece does not improve, he said.

The surge in the yen threatens Japan

For its part, the IMF Executive Director Christine Lagarde welcomed the "substantial progress" made at the EU summit in Brussels, welcomed the leaders of the euro area have set up "a program that will respond to the crisis in the region ".Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou, for its part considered that a "new era" began in Greece, speaking of a "new beginning" with this debt reduction Greek.

On the macroeconomic front, the Central Bank of Japan announced Thursday a further easing of monetary policy to fight against soaring yen that threatens the recovery of the Japanese economy.The institute has decided to increase 5 trillion yen (47 billion) purchases of treasury bills, increasing to 55,000 billion yen (519 billion) the maximum amount it spends on purchases of government bonds, corporate bonds and other financial securities, and loans at preferential rates.

The euro has strengthened

In addition, retail sales continued to decline in Japan in September, from 1.2% yoy, due to the fall in purchases of TVs after an exceptional run in early summer, announced the Ministry of Economy Thursday. However, car sales have stopped their dive.Consumers remain cautious overall spending due to fears generated by the earthquake and tsunami in the northeast of the archipelago on March 11 and the Fukushima nuclear accident they caused.

Side values, the action of the group of cameras Olympus flew more than 20% Thursday at the Tokyo Stock Exchange, following the resignation of its CEO Tsuyoshi Kikukawa, accused by his British predecessor Michael Woodford to have overcharged acquisitions between 2006 and 2008.

The euro has strengthened, buoyed by hopes of resolving the crisis in Europe. It was worth 106.26 yen and 1.3975 dollars in Tokyo Thursday morning, 1.3908 against the dollar and 105.98 yen in New Yok the night before.

Finally, oil was up, after the sharp fall the previous day in New York.In electronic trading in the morning, a barrel of "light sweet crude" gained 1.11 dollar to 91.31 dollars a barrel while Brent North Sea crude for December delivery took 70 cents to 109.61 dollars.

On the issue of Greece, progress, assured the leaders without giving details.The stabilization of the indebted country will pass through international loans and additional losses of creditor banks in the country. Europe the figure to at least 50%. According to the report of the troika (representatives of the EU, the ECB and the IMF), the discount should be 60% to maintain unchanged the envelope of € 109 billion promised to Greece, as part a second rescue plan officially recorded on July 21.

Main stumbling block between Paris and Berlin, the transformation of the European Financial Stability Fund (EFSF) in the bank, which insisted on France, finally does more of the options considered by the finance ministers of the single currency. The idea was that the Paris Fund bank can borrow from the European Central Bank. "The two options still on the table to strengthen the EFSF do not involve the ECB," confirmed the German Chancellor.This leaves two options: either the mechanism acts as a partial insurance of the public debt of troubled countries or the IMF is expected to increase its participation in the scheme.

In another area, "the work is progressing well on the recapitalization of banks," said Nicolas Sarkozy, again without providing details on the proposed solutions. Countries of the European Union discussed a budget from 107 to 108 billion euros at the meeting of finance ministers on Saturday night. "Banks must find the money markets," stressed Angela Merkel.

Finally, the pressure on Italy is maximum. The two leaders urged the Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, with whom they met ahead of the summit, for it to decisively implement a program of growth and debt reduction Alps no fax payday advances."I hope that decisions will be taken (…) Italy is a major economic force but it has a very high public debt should be reduced in a credible manner in the years to come," says Angela Merkel . Nicolas Sarkozy has outbid by saying that Paris and Berlin were "confident sense of responsibility of all the Italian authorities' political, financial and economic."

"Do not repeat the mistakes of the past"

"We must work differently in the future," said Angela Merkel. German Chancellor said that we should not "repeat the mistakes of the past." The problem of the euro area far exceeds that of Greece, she hammered, emphasizing the need for each country to conduct "a tighter fiscal policy."The President of the European Union, Herman Van Rompuy, confirmed on Sunday that the EU treaty could be modified to improve the functioning of the euro area. "The aim is to deepen our economic union and strengthen our fiscal discipline," he said.

Europe is facing economically to "serious challenges", said Herman Van Rompuy, at the opening of the EU summit this morning. He felt that the decisions to be taken by EU leaders to deal with were "perhaps the most important" they've ever had to face the financial crisis. Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou, had also felt it was "time" to take "decisive and effective." "It is clear that the crisis (debt) is not Greek. This is a European crisis, "he judged.

For its part, the Belgian Prime Minister Yves Leterme had tried hard not announce anything at all on Sunday, in light of market pressure. "It is essential for tomorrow morning at the opening of markets, we have made sufficient progress so as not to jeopardize the credibility of the euro area," he said. Same story for the European partners have not adopted the single currency, which are concerned about the fallout from the debt crisis. "The crisis in the euro area is being extended to all our economies, including that of Great Britain ', launched the British Prime Minister David Cameron.

(With agencies)

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Recapitalization of banks

In the preamble, the bloc cleared the table of a bulky dossier. They agreed on the recapitalization of banks weakened by the crisis, two months after the IMF has sounded the alarm. The bill, estimated at between 85 and 100 billion euros, less burdensome previously announced. It should allow banks to increase to 9% of their capital ratio "hard" a recognized strength. To achieve this, banks will first use their private shareholders, and if necessary of public funds. The EFSF intervene as a last and final resort.Uncertainty remains about the date of implementation, 2012 or 2013.

On Thursday, Paris and Berlin have also tried to dispel the misunderstanding about the previous meeting on Wednesday between the President and the Chancellor. The stakes: the future modalities of action of EFSF and the famous "leverage" critical piece of the arsenal to stop the European debt crisis and prevent contagion.

The German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble ensures that the two capitals are in fact "in total agreement." But he hastens to add that there is still no agreement at European level. French side, it was confirmed by noting that if there is a discrepancy, it is rather with Spain and especially Italy.In Brussels, witnesses of the appointment of Frankfurt continues to describe "a cold atmosphere" between Nicolas Sarkozy and Angela Merkel, barely warmed by the announcement of the birth of the president's daughter.

To further complicate the picture, the Greek press spoke of a setback yesterday on what promised to be the easiest section of the summit: the release and payment of EUR 8 billion international loan in Athens. The European Union grows. But the IMF question the ability of Greece to address its long-term debt without the involvement of Europeans more convincing.

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On the front of the debt crisis in the eurozone, the European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso presented this afternoon at the European Parliament its proposals to support the banking sector. It should be "emergency" recapitalize the banks, he said.He also called for increasing the EFSF and accelerate the replacement of it by a permanent, mid-2012 instead of mid-2013.

In Slovakia, a second vote could be held Friday with the support of the left opposition. "It's not good news but I trust the authorities of Slovakia to hold a second vote," said Wednesday morning the French Minister of Foreign Affairs Alain Juppé on radio France Info. For its part German Chancellor Angela Merkel said that strengthening the EFSF be ratified "in October." The Slovak Parliament was the last to vote on the strengthening of the European relief fund.Indeed, the unanimity of the country is essential to confirm the agreement reached by the Heads of State on July 21.

Berlin and Paris commitments marchésLes reassure the weekend by Germany and France had restored some hope to the financial markets. Last Sunday, Nicolas Sarkozy and Angela Merkel have in fact committed to respond "lasting and comprehensive peace" to the crisis in the euro area for the G20 summit in Cannes, 3 and 4 November. About the difficulties of the European banking sector, the two leaders said they were "determined to do whatever it takes to ensure the recapitalization of our banks." But again, the "details" to be specified later, and the EU summit scheduled for October 17 and 18 was postponed to October 23.After several missed appointments with the financial markets, Europe hopes this time strike a blow to stop the contagion of the crisis in the euro area.

The euro will always be a "hard currency", has also assured Angela Merkel, following Slovakia's rejection of strengthening financial relief funds in the euro area. On the foreign exchange market, the euro was virtually unchanged munching 0.05% against the greenback at 1.3658 dollars.

Alcoa opens the ball quarterly results

In the U.S., the season of quarterly results of large companies began Tuesday after the close of Wall Street. As usual, the aluminum giant Alcoa kicked-off for these publications. Including follow on Wednesday, PepsiCo, and Thursday, JPMorgan Chase and Google internet group and finally, Friday, Mattel.Analysts bet on an average increase of 13% earnings per share for the third quarter.

The group Alcoa (-3.25% to 9.97 dollars) reported, after market, a net quarterly profit of $ 172 million, an increase of 182% over a year and a decrease of 47% the previous quarter. Revenues jumped 21% year on year to 6.4 billion. In 2011, Alcoa still expects growth of 12%.

For his part Infosys Technologies (6.57% to 56.12 dollars) also announced after the market have achieved in the second quarter of fiscal 2011 to 2012 (ended September 30) with net income of $ 411 million, against 374 million last year while sales rose to 1.75 billion dollars against 1.5 billion a year earlier.For the full fiscal year 2011/12, the group expects a turnover of 7.08 to 7.2 billion dollars.

The Canadian Research In Motion (-2.34% to 23.84 dollars) a Wall Street side, affected by major failures affecting the Blackberry, is facing a revolt by disgruntled shareholders calling for the sale or replacement of its leaders then that its action has already lost 60% since the beginning of the year.

For its part the world leader in lithography for semiconductor, ASML (5.14% to 38.03 dollars), also listed on Wall Street believes that there will be a slowdown in growth in most segments semiconductors, with the exception of technologies related to tablets and smartphones.

After a ceremony at the station in Tangier, Nicolas Sarkozy will hold talks with King Mohammed VI at the Palais Marshan, during a face-to-head followed by a working lunch. Then he will speak to the press at 17:15 Paris time.

One site to 3 billion

Four years after the announcement, the work can begin. This project should permit the entry into service in 2015 a train up to 320 km / h linking Tangier to Casablanca and reducing by more than half the travel time between the two cities, which will go from 4:45 to 2:10.

Its cost is estimated at 33 billion dirhams by the Moroccan government (3 billion euros) and will be partly financed by loans to prime French, Moroccan funds from Gulf countries and the Arab Fund for Economic Development and social. The European Investment Bank (EIB) was, she refused a competition of 400 million euros, which complicated the closure of the project.

Moroccan media while Germany suspected of having deposited its veto against the funding because of the choice of the Moroccan government to favor the French Alstom in its German competitor Siemens business card.The French group, which had previously exported its expertise in high-speed train in South Korea, Spain and Italy to Morocco will provide 14 trains of eight cars, for $ 400 million euros.

Economic projects

While the French government scans the remark, some commentators believe that the choice of Alstom was used to compensate the loss by France of a contract to supply fighter jets to the Moroccan Air Force, who had to prefer the F16 U.S. Rafale from Dassault Aviation.

This episode now seems forgotten. Nicolas Sarkozy, focused on investment opportunities represented by Morocco, has chosen to take with him two ministers, Eric Besson for Industry and Thierry Mariani for Transport and Secretary of State for Foreign Trade Pierre Lellouche.

The Hexagon is the first partner of the Sharifi kingdom, providing 15% of imports from a country with an average growth of 4.5% to 5% for ten years, accounting for 21.5% of its exports, and employing 100,000 Moroccans in its 750 subsidiaries. Other large projects include the creation time of a Renault factory "zero pollution" with Veolia Environment, which should become operational in early 2012 or Tanger-Med, a huge industrial center and port that participates in a Bouygues consortium.

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Since then, the rules of publishing have changed, and the term "literary negro" is no longer valid. They are now called "collaborators." Publishers have become accustomed to mention their name on the back cover, or under the general title inside.These writers specialize particularly in the autobiographical genre, and work with documents.

It is thanks to Bernard Fixot, CEO of XO Editions, this revolution in publishing could take place. Having learned that Paul-Loup Sulitzer used a "collaborator" to write his books, Bernard Fixot decided to give the name of it in the book. Thus the name of Loup Durand appeared on the cover alongside that of Sulitzer. And this revelation has not stopped the pair to continue to get a few best-sellers.

Between 5000 and 15,000 euros for a beginner

Having discovered that the publication of the name of the employee has no impact on sales, publishers have almost all agreed the new rules of the game now, the work of an employee is defined by a contract signed with the publisher.Particular, it sets the fees paid, regulated working hours and the number of pages written. According to several sources of publishing, a "collaborator" beginner, these fees vary between 5,000 and 15,000 euros as a package. As for the more experienced writers, they would receive a percentage of sales in addition to the fixed sum. Copyright between 8% and 15% per book sold, 30% to 50% they would, depending on the reputation of the main character in the book.

However, the compensation varies depending on the work done. Sometimes, the employee simply corrects the style and reread the manuscript, written by the "star" before publication. In other cases, it is he who is in charge of investigative work and writing the book on behalf of the main character."To be negro must be graphomaniac, do not be afraid to write a lot, at the risk of not being published," said Mohammed Aissaoui, literary journalist of Le Figaro. For before the publication, "star" and the employee and make the replay together. And many passages can be deleted or modified.

The meeting between the "star" and the employee does not last more than thirty hours in all. The character confesses, the employee takes notes and tries to adapt his writing style in his own way to speak and to give thought. "The power is on or not. It's like love at first sight to have. An exercise that is to be the mirror of the other, "says Catherine Siguret a" collaborator "who has written books for Claudia Schiffer, Gérard Louvin, or Julien Courbet. For her, the work of the employee, the opposite of a journalistic investigation.Do not be objective, but try to be superimposed on the main character in the novel.

Is there still "negritude" in publishing?

A novelist too productive? It is likely that the books published under his name are written by real "Negroes." While many secrets of this profession were revealed recently, is still far from knowing everything. Because the old practices still existed today. According to Armelle Brusq, director of the documentary "The Negro, writing quietly," about a third editions in France would be made of books' authorship is unclear. " Estimates, which can neither be confirmed nor denied, as no writer, the reader will say that it commits a negro to write books instead. Anne-Sophie Demonchy, journalist Magazine books, conducted several investigations of the writers of the shadows in France."For a publisher, the author must be friendly, and have a great story to tell. Tell the reader that the book was written by a "negro" is not in the interests of the publishing house, "she says.

Industry experts recognize: Some books are a real marketing strategy of publishers. They might even be the result of work of an entire team. The author has an idea. This idea is developed by employees in the synopsis of the publisher. And then this pattern is sent to a ghostwriter for writing. "In general, it does not mention the names of the authors, this subject is taboo," says Anne-Sophie Demonchy. "Amazing, because the movies, or music, the product is the work of a team and it does not shock the consumer."

These writers of the shadows, whose name is not mentioned, are bound by a contract with the publishing house, which prevents them from talking about the project, on which they work. According to the National Union of publishing, in 2010, the turnover of the sector accounted for 2.8 billion euros with around 452 million books sold. One can imagine how much the business of writing anonymous organization.

A phenomenon which diversifies

Use a negro to write a book is one thing. Use a "negro" to write a dissertation study is another. The Internet can now find people offering such services.An article of a "ghostwriter of factors" American, recently published in The Chronicle of Higher Education, the journal of higher education, reveals failures in the field of education across the Atlantic, allowing university students to cheat. Employed by a company that specializes in rewriting, the author, known as Ed Dante, addresses, exasperated, directly to teachers: "I'm tired of you help your students have qualified air." Among the "clients", it separates three categories of students: those whose English is not their first language, those who are very bad writing, and those that are "rich and lazy." Working since 2004, the author claims to earn about $ 66,000 per year.

Combined these as on global markets, all eyes will be on the Elysee Palace in Paris to take place a meeting between German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Nicolas Sarkozy, to improve governance in the area euro.The two leaders will meet from 16 hours and hold a press conference around 18:30.

Investors already know that he must not expect miracles, especially not that the two largest economies in the euro zone agreed to set up Euro-bonds, which would be financially harmful to Berlin. "Do not expect anything dramatic" at the end of the meeting Monday said a spokesman for Angela Merkel, that "people expect once again a spectacular blow." It should only be to continue discussions on the governance of the euro area, following decisions taken by Heads of State and Government of the European end of July.

Operators still expect progress on this issue."If nothing is announced, it will mean that there is a deep rift between Paris and Berlin markets can get excited again," warned Yves Marc, sales of shares in Global Equities.

Meanwhile, Asian markets have already set the tone with very mixed sessions, despite the good momentum on Wall Street, which closed yesterday on a sharp rise. Oil down with a barrel of "light sweet crude" that is losing 45 cents to 87 instant payday loans.43 dollars and that of Brent which cedet 42 cents to 109.49 dollars. Sign of nervousness room, gold was up, quoting around 1767 dollars per ounce at the opening in Hong Kong dollars in 1744 against the previous day closing in New York.

German growth slows

In addition to the meeting, investors will be occupied by the many indicators that will be published on both sides of the Atlantic.Germany has announced a particularly sharp slowdown in growth in the second quarter. German gross domestic product (GDP) grew by only 0.1% in the second quarter compared to the first, where he still displayed an increase of 1.3%.

The GDP of the entire euro area over the same period will also be unveiled at the same time as the trade balance in June

In the U.S., markets will learn in the afternoon of housing starts, prices for import and export and especially of industrial production. This indicator is closely watched as markets worried about more and more sluggish growth of the world's largest economy.

Values ​​to follow

On the corporate side, the news is much thinner. Bank stocks are again followed. They fall before the meeting Sarkozy-Merkel.BNP Paribas (-2% to 36.77 euros), Societe Generale (-1.92% to 24.32 euros), Natixis (-183% to 3.05 euros), AXA (-1.82% at 11, 03 euros), Credit Agricole (-1.20% to 6.65 euros) take the rating down.

GDF Suez (-0.83% to 20.81 euros) is added to the list of preferred values ​​of UBS.

EADS (-0.59% to 21.88 euros): Russian Transaero airline will buy 12 Airbus A320. Qantas has in turn announced the purchase of 110 Airbus A320s and the deferral of delivery of six Airbus A380 jumbo jets.

Friday night, the country experienced a further escalation in the standoff between Democrats and Republicans, they refused to comply with the requirements of President Barack Obama.The Democrats call indeed now $ 400 billion of additional tax increases. A change of position is unacceptable, according to John Boehner, the Republican leader of the House of Representatives, while the two sides had previously agreed to a ceiling of one trillion dollars in additional tax revenue to reduce debt further Atlantic. Saturday evening, the President was therefore convened in emergency to four White House officials Republicans and Democrats in Congress for a new emergency meeting. But no more successful in negotiations, after 50 minutes of discussion.

Do not scare investors

The inability of both sides to agree on tax revenues and budget cuts necessary leads the U.S. on a slippery slope.Besides the risk of degradation by the rating agencies of their sovereign rating, the status quo would cause panic on world financial markets, barely recovered from the fears of the risk of contagion from the crisis of the Greek debt to other countries Europe.

U.S. officials are well aware, those who now wish to reach an agreement by Sunday evening before the opening of Asian markets. Rebuked by President Barack Obama, Congress pledged Saturday to present a plan to reduce the deficit within 48 hours to push the risk of lowering the country's sovereign rating. The fact is that beyond the tax revenues, the issue of budget cuts expected to be a problem. Democratic side, the president believes that the 1.6 trillion cuts represent an offer "extraordinarily fair".Republican side, these efforts remain insufficient to John Boehner, who wishes to bring to 3 trillion budget savings over 10 years.

Critical deadlines

Given the failure of talks between the president and elected officials of both Houses, the compromise could eventually go through further discussion within Congress. This Sunday, "the leaders of the Senate and House have agreed to return to Congress to speak to their groups and discuss the way forward. The conversations will continue all day "has said Jay Carney, spokesman for the president. For now, no new summit meeting is scheduled with Barack Obama, but on the other hand John Boehner also called for an early agreement.If a common ground on removing the ceiling on debt seems likely, no party could only be satisfied with this short term solution, and discussions on the reduction of public spending should be more difficult. And less than 10 days from the deadline of August 2, the deadline becomes every day a little more critical.

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Caution remains in order. Investors have not been convinced by the results of stress tests in Europe. They are now waiting for the meeting of Heads of States of the euro zone on Thursday to take stock of sovereign debt problems plaguing Europe. Greece and its possible non-payment should animate all discussions.This morning, Ewald Nowotny, a member of the Governing Council of the ECB, explained that some of the options for resolving the debt crisis involve a brief Greek "selective default" without serious adverse effects.

In addition to that date European markets monitor the evolution of the debate on debt in the U.S.. The Americans are unable either to agree on raising the debt ceiling of the United States, despite calls for unity of President Barack Obama. In this context, the New York Stock Exchange was also closed down yesterday.Asian markets this morning did not give either positive signs.

On Tuesday, investors watched barometer of confidence Zew, the primary measure of the expectations of German financial circles, which again dropped sharply in July, reaching -15.1 points against 9 points in June, according to the Institute of the same name. This is the lowest level since January 2009.

On the currency side, the euro is trying to take against the dollar. Around 11:00 in Paris, the single European currency was worth 1.4204 dollars against 1.4117 dollars late Monday. Oil climbs as well, investors taking advantage of prices driven down by concerns about the debt crisis in the euro area.In morning trading, a barrel of "light sweet crude" for delivery in August took 38 cents to 96.31 dollars and that of Brent North Sea crude for September delivery took 41 cents to 116.46 dollars.

As for values ​​to follow

Purchases cheaply in the banking sector

The banks of the colors found on Tuesday. Investors benefit from the fall of the last day to make purchases with it.Societe Generale (4.39% to 34.24 euros), BNP Paribas (2.91% to 44.90 euros), Credit Agricole (3.11% to 8.42 euros), Natixis (3.31 % to 3.08 euros) and Axa (1.98% to 13.14 euros) are in green.

The Financial Stability Board (FSB) will propose a capital surcharge from 1% to 2.5% for systemic banks ("Sifi") on Monday said Mario Draghi, the chairman of the Board and Governor of the Bank of Italy at a press conference stating that only the common shares will be considered for this overload.Moreover, the euro area has confirmed consider introducing a tax on banks to help Greece.

The technology sector, buoyed by the results of IBM across the Atlantic is also formatted with Alcatel Lucent (5.85% to 3.62 euros, the largest increase CAC 40) and Cap Gemini (3.79% at 37 , 66 euros).

Ubisoft: 8.84% to 5.91 euros

Ubisoft's action is supported by purchases on the cheap after the fall of 15.27% charged the day before because of concerns about profitability. "The title took a slap yesterday why it bounces so strongly, especially as the market trend today is rather a carrier," said a stock dealer based in Paris.

Hermes: + 0.43% to 221.70 euros

The group reported a turnover of 668.4 million euros in the second quarter, up 17.9%.It said it expects a sales growth of 12% to 14% on a constant throughout the year. Its 2011 operating margin should be close to the record of 2010.

Orpéa: + 2.38% to 33.78 euros

The group said Tuesday it raised its target for 2011 sales of 20 million euros to aim now 1.23 billion euros.Turnover was 594.2 million euros in the first half of 2011.

EDF: + 0.62% to 25.99 euros

The president of A2A said it would reopen talks with his French counterpart in the EDF file the reorganization of the Italian Edison.

Edenred: + 3.18% to 21.60 euros

The group announced an increase in its issue volume in the second quarter thanks to its strength in Latin America and improve its performance in Europe, linked to early signs of stabilization of activity in Central Europe.

Air France: + 1.62% to 9.17 euros

The seven unions of hostesses and stewards of the airline announced the filing of a notice of strike from July 29 to August 1 to demand the opening of negotiations on the organization of work.

Note that the share price Anovo was suspended by NYSE Euronext at the request of the group "until further notice."

After market, Accor and Manitou publish their turnover for the second quarter. Biomerieux and Land Walls will report their results over the same period.

At least, that understands the Financial Times on Saturday. Echoing the words of sources familiar with the matter, the newspaper said that Beijing had threatened "to undermine a deal worth billions of dollars for 10 Airbus super jumbos" in protest against the decision of the European Commission to include air transport system in the trading of CO2.This measure is to buy permits for each tonne of carbon emitted dioxin in European airspace, beyond a certain threshold. The Asian company Hong Kong Airlines was the official control of very large aircraft at the Paris Air Show. But the hardening of the Chinese position facing the European measure prevents the conclusion of the agreement, according to sources.

This disagreement does not allow to increase to 12 orders for A380 harvested at Le Bourget. Thursday, Airbus had reported a firm order for 10 A380, from an unidentified customer. According to one industry source, this command corresponds to that of Hong Kong Airlines. The counter for very large aircraft will remain blocked for the moment 2.

The case could also be amplified in the coming months fast payday loans. "These are not the only contracts held hostage by the Chinese.One on the A380 could be only the first, "explains the paper citing its source. Because the European manufacturer has other current contracts with the Middle Kingdom. Meanwhile, the Airbus management is counting on a visit to Berlin next week Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao, to unblock the situation and conclude the contract.

"No plan B '

Beyond this contentious spot, the tour in Europe, China (Wen Jiabao arrived here Friday in Hungary, a country holding the rotating presidency of the European Union) should be an opportunity to address the underlying problem of quotas. A delicate matter, the European Commissioner for Climate Action, Connie Hedegaard has formally ruled out that the Chinese retaliatory measures have any impact on the measure, scheduled to take effect next January. "There is no plan B. Our position is very clear.We would not amend, "she said.

Faced with this inflexibility, Tom Enders, the boss of Airbus, for its part called on Europe to be flexible, saying the "madness of attracting reprisals" from a player as influential as the China. For the latter, comply with the requirements of the EU would entail, for the Chinese airlines, a surcharge of $ 126 million in 2012, according to data from the China Air Transport Association (CATA). This figure set to rise in coming years, when China's increasing its flights to Europe. In his struggle, China is also supported by the United States.

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